Sexual dimorphism in excess power index of four North American native bees (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Apidae, and Halictidae)
A multitude of hymenopteran species exhibit sexual dimorphism for simple traits, such as color, size, or antennal segment number.These differences can reflect selection for specialized biological roles, many of which have not been documented for the majority of bee and wasp species.The excess power index (EPI) is an estimate of insect flight perfor